What Has Changed in 2025? — The Turkish High Court's Major Decision
The Turkish Court of Cassation (Yargıtay)’s 3rd Civil Chamber confirmed in July 2025 that WhatsApp messages could be accepted as evidence as long as the parties involved don’t specifically dispute or deny them. This is a significant change, particularly for foreign parties to Turkish legal disputes.
🔍 The ruling states: “Electronic correspondence, including WhatsApp messages, may constitute grounds for judgment unless denied in essence.”
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Can WhatsApp Messages Be Used as Proof?
Indeed, WhatsApp messages can now be used as primary or supporting evidence in the following cases under Turkish procedural law:
- Civil litigation (e.g., real estate disputes, contracts)
- Criminal actions (such as fraud, threats, and harassment)
- Family law cases (such as communication logs for divorce and custody)
Additional Considerations for Foreigners in Legal Proceedings
Foreign nationals should pay particular attention to the following considerations:
- Possible language barriers: If conversations are not in Turkish, a sworn translation is required.
- Jurisdiction issues: Messages sent from abroad may raise questions regarding admissibility and relevance.
- Verification requests: If the source of the message is disputed, Turkish courts may request metadata (time stamps, phone numbers, device IDs).
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. As of a 2025 ruling by the Turkish Court of Cassation, WhatsApp messages can be accepted as valid evidence — but only if they were obtained legally and are not explicitly denied by the other party.
Absolutely. In cases involving fraud, threats, or harassment, WhatsApp conversations can play a key role. However, the court will examine how the messages were obtained and whether they are authentic.
Yes. If the messages are not in Turkish, a certified translation is required. Courts only accept officially translated documents as part of the evidence.
Sometimes, but not always. A screenshot can support your case, but courts generally prefer the full chat export with timestamps, phone numbers, and ideally a notary or forensic expert confirmation.
Yes. Working with a qualified Turkish criminal lawyer is highly recommended. They can guide you on how to present your messages properly and help ensure they are admissible in court.
Submitting WhatsApp Chat as Evidence
Foreign nationals or their lawyers should prepare as follows:
- A full-screen screenshot showing the date and time must be taken.
- A PDF version of the chat transcript must be created.
- If necessary due to language issues, notarization must be obtained in Turkey.
- A certified Turkish translation must be attached.
Data Privacy, Consent & Cross-Border Legal Validity
Turkish courts still examine whether messages were legally obtained. Secret recordings or unauthorized access (e.g. opening a partner’s phone) may invalidate the evidence and breach KVKK (Turkey’s GDPR-equivalent).
For EU citizens, data transfer laws (GDPR) may also limit how evidence collected abroad can be presented.
How Much Should You Trust WhatsApp Evidence?
WhatsApp evidence is valuable but sensitive. Without proper authentication, courts may reject this evidence. If you are involved in a criminal investigation or facing charges, it is crucial to work with a qualified Turkish criminal lawyer who understands how Turkish courts handle digital communications.
Conclusion
Foreign nationals residing in Turkey should exercise caution when using chat-based communication channels as legal evidence. Digital messages can strengthen your case if collected and presented correctly, but whether you are facing a family law matter or a criminal case, the guidance of a Turkish criminal lawyer will ensure that your rights are protected and your evidence is admissible.
Source
- T.C. Yargıtay Başkanlığı – High Court of Appeals of Türkiye
- T.C. Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi – Turkish Legislation Portal (HMK, TCK, and more)
- T.C. Resmî Gazete – Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye
- UYAP – National Judiciary Informatics System (e-Justice Portal)
- UYAP Dergi – Legal Articles on Digital Justice and Evidence
- Author Av. Baris Erkan Celebi
- Barış Erkan Çelebi Founder of Turkish law firm
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Baris Erkan Celebi is an English-speaking Turkish lawyer who exclusively represents foreign investors in Turkey. His law firm in Turkey specializes in providing international investors in Turkey with reliable legal counsel and personalized business solutions.
